Understanding Scapular Winging: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Kinesiologist Perspective

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Scapular Winging: An Overview

Scapular winging, also known as a winged scapula, is a condition characterized by the abnormal protrusion of the shoulder blade(s) from the back, resembling wings. This condition can lead to discomfort, pain, and limitations in daily activities.

 

What is Scapular Winging?

The scapula, or shoulder blade, is a crucial part of the upper back that connects the humerus (arm bone) with the clavicle (collarbone). In a healthy individual, the scapulae lie flat against the chest wall. Scapular winging occurs when one or both shoulder blades stick out, disrupting this alignment.

Scapular Winging

 

Symptoms of Scapular Winging

Symptoms can vary depending on the underlying cause and the muscles and nerves involved. Common signs include:

  • A visible protrusion of the shoulder blade

  • Discomfort when sitting or carrying objects like backpacks

  • Difficulty in lifting, pulling, or pushing heavy items

  • Reduced ability to raise the arm above the shoulder

  • Associated neck, shoulder, and back pain

  • Fatigue and a drooping shoulder

     

Causes of Scapular Winging

Scapular winging is often the result of nerve damage affecting the muscles around the shoulder blade. The primary nerves involved are:

  • Long thoracic nerve: Controls the serratus anterior muscle

  • Dorsal scapular nerve: Controls the rhomboid muscles

  • Spinal accessory nerve: Controls the trapezius muscle

Damage to these nerves can occur due to various reasons, including traumatic injuries, repetitive motion injuries, non traumatic injuries, and surgical procedures.

 

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination and may include imaging tests to assess the underlying cause. Treatment options are tailored to the individual’s needs and may include:

  • Physical therapy to strengthen muscles

  • Exercises to improve range of motion

  • Surgery in severe cases

  • Home exercises for maintenance and prevention

     

Prevention and Outlook

Preventive measures focus on avoiding activities that could lead to nerve damage and maintaining good posture. With proper treatment and management, individuals can often regain functionality and reduce discomfort. 

 

Exercises Examples: 

Scapular Retraction

 

 

 

 

 

Scapular Push-ups

 

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